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Occidental Petroleum Corporation (Oxy) is an American, Houston-based oil and gas exploration and production company with operations in the United States, the Middle East region, and South America.〔"(Contact Us )." Occidental Petroleum Corporation. Retrieved on December 8, 2011. "Corporate Headquarters 10889 Wilshire Boulevard Los Angeles, California 90024-4201 "〕〔Hsu, Tiffany. "(Occidental's profit soars 53% to record high on surging oil prices )." ''Los Angeles Times''. April 25, 2008. C3. Retrieved on December 8, 2011. "Westwood-based Occidental Petroleum Corp."〕 Occidental Petroleum is one of the largest oil producers in Texas, and has additional operations in North Dakota, Colorado, and New Mexico.〔 The company nickname began in 1964 in reference to Occidental's NYSE stock ticker (OXY). Oxy is one of the largest US oil and gas companies, based on 2014 year-end equity market capitalization.〔 〕 As of 2015, the company has more than 40,000 employees and contractors worldwide.〔 Oxy's role in oil and natural gas exploration and production, to which they have pledged a commitment to responsibility, has also been a source of criticism. The company states that it is "committed to respecting the environment, protecting safety and upholding high standards of social responsibility throughout its worldwide operations."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.oxy.com/annualreport/OxyInBrief.aspx )〕 Critics have raised concerns about Occidental's historical operations in these areas. Oxy's subsidiaries include wholly owned chemical manufacturers Occidental Chemical Corporation (OxyChem), OxyVinyls, and INDSPEC Chemical Corporation. Oxy indirectly owns Armand Products Company with Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Oxychem sold its investment in Carbocloro S.A. Indústrias Químicas, a joint venture between OxyChem and UNIPAR in Brazil.〔 ==History== Occidental was founded in 1920 in California. In 1956 Occidental Petroleum came to the attention of Armand Hammer.〔http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/occidental-petroleum-corporation-history/〕 At Hammer's first association with Occidental, the company was run by Dave Harris, Roy Roberts, and John Sullivan. In 1957, Dr. Armand Hammer was elected president and CEO. In 1961, the company discovered the Lathrop Gas Field in the Arbuckle area of the Sacramento basin at Lathrop.〔California Department of Conservation, Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR). ''California Oil and Gas Fields, Volumes I, II and III''. Vol. I (1998), Vol. II (1992), Vol. III (1982). PDF file available on CD from www.consrv.ca.gov. p. 1287〕 Over the next 10 years, Occidental expanded internationally with operations in Libya, Peru, Venezuela, Bolivia, Trinidad, and the United Kingdom. Occidental won exploration rights in Libya in 1965 and operated there until all activities were suspended in 1986 after the United States imposed economic sanctions on Libya. Occidental entered the chemical business with the acquisition of Hooker Chemical Company in 1968, 26 years after the contamination at Love Canal. It added to its chemical industries portfolio in 1988 with the outright purchase for $2bn of Cain Chemical.〔(LA Times: "Oxy Buys Cain Chemical; Deal Valued at $2 Billion", 15 Apr 1988 )〕 On July 6, 1988, an explosion and subsequent inferno on the Piper Alpha platform, operated by Occidental Petroleum (Caledonia) Ltd in the Scottish North Sea, resulted in 167 fatalities in what remains the world's most deadly offshore disaster. In 1990, Dr. Ray R. Irani became Occidental Petroleum Corporation's Chairman and CEO. He held the additional title of President from 2005 to 2007. Occidental Petroleum's compensation policies came under scrutiny in 2007 after it was announced that CEO Ray Irani collected $460 million in stock shares and salary in 2006. In May 2011, Irani retired as CEO after the California State Teachers' Retirement System and Relational Investors, two major institutional Occidental Investors, objected to the company's compensation policies for top executives. President Stephen I. Chazen was named CEO of Occidental to replace Irani. Since 1990, Occidental has gone from a collection of unrelated businesses to one that focuses on oil and gas. During Irani's tenure as CEO, Occidental's market capitalization increased to more than $80 billion from $5.4 billion. In 2005, Occidental was among 53 entities which contributed the maximum of $250,000 to the second inauguration of President George W. Bush. In 2008, Oxy contributed $301,579 to Democratic candidates and $204,587 to Republican candidates. In February 2014, Occidental announced that it would spin off all of its California operations into a separate company, and move the rest to Houston;〔 this reorganization was completed in December 2014. Today, Dallas-based Occidental Chemical is a leading chemical manufacturer with interests in basic chemicals, vinyls and performance chemical products.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.hoovers.com/company/Occidental_Chemical_Corporation/rfckfhi-1.html )〕 Vicki Hollub, who has worked as Occidental for around three decades, was announced to be the new CEO starting in early 2016.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Occidental Petroleum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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